Flight Instructor Airplane · Area IX: Performance and Ground Reference Maneuvers
Task E. Ground Reference Maneuvers
FAA-S-ACS-25 · Effective 2024-05-31
Knowledge
What you should understand and be able to explain.
- AI.IX.E.K1Purpose of and procedures for ground reference maneuvers.
- AI.IX.E.K2Effects of wind on ground track and relation to a ground reference.
- AI.IX.E.K3Effects of bank angle and groundspeed on rate and radius of turn.
- AI.IX.E.K4Relationship of rectangular course to airport traffic pattern.
- AI.IX.E.K5Common errors related to this Task.
Risk management
Risks to recognize and decisions to consider.
- AI.IX.E.R1Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
- AI.IX.E.R2Collision hazards.
- AI.IX.E.R3Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
- AI.IX.E.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
- AI.IX.E.R5Uncoordinated flight.
Skill elements and task objectives
This page covers knowledge and risk management. For the complete task, including skill standards, open the FAA document (PDF).